The FATF (Financial Action Task Force; GAFI in Spanish) sets the global AML standard. It publishes 40 Recommendations that do not become a treaty a country “signs and is done.” Each country must adhere politically and transpose them into local law and supervision. In this region the main vehicle is GAFILAT (18 members that adhere to the 40 Recommendations).
Among those 40, five recommendations focus specifically on virtual assets, and several countries have adopted them in local legislation applying to institutions that offer services linked to those assets.
Adherence ≠ implementation
Almost all of Central and South America accepts the 40 Recommendations via GAFILAT or CFATF. That is not the same as an operating crypto regime with licensing, supervision, and enforcement for virtual-asset service providers.